This book is for both experienced fish-keepers who have had aquariums for a considerable period of time and for new aquarium hobbyists alike. Found insideAlthough many of the pathways in the microbial nitrogen cycle were described more than a century ago, additional fundamental pathways have been discovered only recently. There are three stages to the cycle: The first stage in the nitrogen cycle is the decay of organic matter, such as uneaten food, dead plant leaves, dead organisms, and the waste produced by fish and invertebrates. As this strain of bacteria consumes ammonia they convert it into Nitrite. This is the point where an aquarium is stable enough to support life. Nitrite is also toxic, disrupting the oxygen-carrying capabilities of blood, but fish can generally cope with twice the quantity of nitrite in the water when compared to ammonia. In the atmosphere around us, it contains about 78 per cent of nitrogen as N2 gas. Yep just 24 hours later, your tank is deemed fish-safe. Remember that you’re aiming for zero levels of ammonia and nitrites and a level of a maximum nitrate level of 20 ppm. As a new filtration system does not contain any established Nitrosomonas bacteria colonies to consume the ammonia that the fish produce, levels of the toxin rise and ultimately spike until the bacteria population catches up. Patience is the key to first setting up an aquarium and the larger the aquarium the longer this cycle can take. Once cycling is complete, you can add more fish to your community, as the bacteria colonies in the filter media are now able to cope with the additional bioload. When you add fish to your new aquarium, they begin to produce waste and ammonia, and decaying fish food will also be added to the mix. Nana is a freshwater species deriving from Victoria, Cameroon. Nitrates in Nitrogen Cycle. Nitrate will then build up in the . Starting the first nitrogen cycle in your aquarium makes it ideal for algae. Sustainable Aquatics Hatchery Diet 0.8 mm - //amzn.to/2N10IPH. Cycling your tank involves allowing those bacteria to become established in your filtration system, purifying the water, and making the environment safe to welcome your new fish. Selecting the right sized heater for your aquarium will be crucial in order to save space. Here, the Nitrogen Cycle is more of a biochemical process than a cycle. A properly cycled fish tank will not contain any traces of ammonia or nitrites - only nitrates. Get the aquarium installed, leveled and all the plumbing and lighting installed. Nana), The Anubias Nana var. In this story, NITRO, a character whose name is synonymous with the bacteria responsible for the nitrogen cycle in a fish tank, introduces TIC students to his friends, SAPRO, SOMO, BACTER, and SPIRA. This can potentially destroy the majority of the beneficial bacteria and restart the nitrogen cycle. In the world of aquarium keeping, the cycle refers to the process involving natural food creation (specifically microorganisms and plants), fishes eating them and producing waste, then nature again breaking them so the cycle can repeat itself.. This test kit can be used for both Freshwater & Saltwater aquariums. Get all the cables neatly tucked away and ensure Drip-Loops are added to protect you from any potential water running down the cords. It is basically the same as the 6 steps above, but the plants will help to reduce your nitrates too, to some extent. You may have issues related to the aquarium nitrogen cycle and if you do post your questions on this board. A little bit is okay - they'll help ammonia levels rise. Ammonia is formed from the metabolism of protein and is the major waste product of fish. Found insideThis book, consisting of contributions by authors in various water-related fields, delves into some approaches that are used to understand and/or to improve water quality, and these include assessment of water chemistry, biomonitoring, ... Ammonia is very toxic to fish and, in the small confines of an aquarium, can eventually kill them. The nitrifying bacteria that have colonized the filter media will then spread throughout your new aquarium but you need to provide them with an ammonia source. For that reason, it’s advisable to take time in stocking a new aquarium with a few small fish at a time to allow the biological filter to keep pace with the gradually increased bioload in the tank. The Nitrogen Cycle. I'm about 2 weeks into my cycle and testing daily Nitrates can only be reduced by plants, algae, corals and frequent water changes. Second, you have to have some use for the fish after the tank is cycled. View my About Me page to find out more about me & my mixed reef aquarium. NOTE – This may take a few hours to prepare your water depending on how many gallons you need. Many of you may remember learning about nitrogen as a kid in school. Make sure that the ammonia you use does not contain any additives or perfumes. That’s because the bacteria in the filtration system need oxygen, so it’s helpful to add plants to the setup and perhaps include an air stone too. Found inside – Page 155(2017b) First cultivated AOA, isolated from a tropical marine fish tank at the Seattle Aquarium, Washington, USA. Isolated from sea water in Washington, ... By allowing mother nature to ‘Do Her Thing’ with your new aquarium it will ensure that the livestock you add in the future will be moving into a healthy home. I hope you found this article helpful. T he nitrogen cycle plays a highly important role in a closed environment like that of an aquarium. The third stage of the Nitrogen Cycle is to deal with the toxic nitrite and a second strain of bacteria called Nitrobacter Bacteria automatically begin to multiply when nitrite starts to show up in the water.if(typeof __ez_fad_position!='undefined'){__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-thebeginnersreef_com-medrectangle-4-0')}; Just like Stage Two, this bacteria consume nitrite and convert it to the safer compound of Nitrate. It is cruel to the fish and if you add Damselfish to an empty aquarium because they are hardy, I can tell you know you WILL be ripping your aquarium apart in 6 months to try and remove those monsters! At this point, you can now do a good water change, usually 25% of the tank volume, test for nitrate over the following week, and once you see the nitrate level drop you can begin to add your first few fish.if(typeof __ez_fad_position!='undefined'){__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-thebeginnersreef_com-large-mobile-banner-2-0')}; The main thing every new aquarist needs to understand is that each time you add another fish to the aquarium both the Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter bacteria needs time to multiply to numbers adequate enough to process the addition in bioload. Nitrate is relatively safe for fish unless the volume of nitrates accumulates, then it can also become lethal. If you try and add too many fish in one go, the existing bacteria cannot cope and then you will being to see rises in ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate. Bacteria will process the toxic ammonia into nitrite, then a different bacteria takes over and produces much safer nitrate. It will remove the dangerous compounds from your aquarium that are produced by the respiration of fish & it is also produced by the decay of fish waste & uneaten food. Provides information about fish and how to care for them in a home aquarium. The reason you need to cycle your aquarium is so that these two beneficial bacteria can grow to the point that they can eat the harmful ammonia and nitrites as quickly as they produced. If 100,000 people show up and the organizers have only installed 20 portable toilets it is going to get messy! If You Are Interested In How I Make A Living From This Website –, The Ultimate Guide to Saltwater Aquarium Acronyms and Terms, Ideal Marine Aquarium Water Parameter Values, How To Select An RO/DI Water Filter System For Your Aquarium. NEVER wash your filter media (sponges, ceramic pieces, carbon etc) under the faucet. Once the bacteria take control of the situation by breaking down the ammonia, the water will clear, and the ammonia level drops. The nitrogen cycle is the process in which bacteria convert ammonia into less toxic nitrite. There are three stages of the nitrogen cycle and every new aquarium must go through these three stages before biological filtration is fully functioning. Use tab to navigate through the menu items. Higher levels of pH and higher temperatures increase the levels of the more toxic version of ammonia while decreasing the lesser toxic ammonium. The Nitrogen Cycle of a Tank In 24 Hours. The nitrogen cycle The importance of a cycled tank; The best way to cycle your tank; What is the nitrogen cycle? Firstly, the ammonia that’s produced by the decomposing fish food may not create sufficient bacteria colonies to cope with the fish when you introduce them. Altum and Leopoldi are.. This gives the beneficial bacteria foundation time to "cycle" based upon the new addition of nutrients (fish food and poo). Live plants help to remove nitrates from the water in freshwater tanks. References: Wikipedia | Fish Base | Research Gate. You can see in the diagram that the ammonia will rise then drop as the Nitrosomonas Bacteria multiply to sufficient levels and begin consuming and converting the ammonia to nitrite. Test water parameters weekly for first 5-6 weeks, and then once in 2 weeks after that. By admin February 11, 2021 February 18, 2021. This worked well however it was a slow process (7 weeks). Currently Alison has two large freshwater tanks. Do not add too many fish to begin with, since it will take some time for beneficial bacteria to colonize. In a healthy aquarium, ammonia is eliminated via a natural process called the nitrogen cycle that is driven by a few different types of naturally occurring bacteria. You can find the Salifert Nitrate Test Kit Here at Amazon.com. Once a nitrogen cycle is established in the fish tank, it becomes a safe habitat for fish. The natural Nitrogen Cycle is a full-cycle where Nitrogen goes from air to plant to animal to bacteria and back to air; such a system needs no human intervention. The nitrogen cycle The importance of a cycled tank; The best way to cycle your tank; What is the nitrogen cycle? If the water pH level falls below 7, the growth of bacteria in the tank may slow or come to a complete stop. (2016). In this video, we are discussing the importance of water testing during the nitrogen cycle in saltwater aquariums. An aquarium's filtration unit will be equipped with a bio-pad that filters out debris and provides a massive surface area for beneficial bacteria to grow. Below is my tried and tested, step-by-step method that I use myself whenever I set up a new aquarium or advise people when they are setting up theirs. Once your aquarium is setup with a filtration unit, installed and running. You can find Salifert the Nitrite Test Kit Here at Amazon.com. Just like fish, bacteria that consume ammonia and nitrite require well-oxygenated water to thrive. Found inside – Page 2847.12 PRACTICAL EXERCISE The nitrogen cycle in an aquarium This exercise extends over more than one practical session . A well - established aquarium should ... The first tank has two huge fancy goldfish who are almost ten years old and still looking as good as ever. While in low concentrations in the water, nitrate is not as dangerous to fish as ammonia or nitrites, although it can cause other problems in the tank, such as algae blooms. The Marine Aquarium Handbook is the bestselling saltwater aquarium book of all time, selling more than 250,000 copies since first published in 1982 and launching aspiring aquarists into the marine aquarium hobby. However, there are a few important decisions you will need to make. Due to their popularity, breeders have spent a great deal of time and resources in.. Aquarium Nitrogen Cycle and New Tank Syndrome. Did you enjoy our guide to the nitrogen cycle in the aquarium? Re: Fishless Tank Cycling and Avoiding New Tank Syndrome. Learning how much your fish are capable of eating within a 3-5 minute period of time will prevent excess food accumulating in and around your decor and substrate. Found insideThis open access book, written by world experts in aquaponics and related technologies, provides the authoritative and comprehensive overview of the key aquaculture and hydroponic and other integrated systems, socio-economic and ... Algae Clips - //amzn.to/3bIVfHB. Start with the least aggressive and hardiest fish first and purchase no more than 2-3 fish at a time. tank Nov.16, have been adding ammonia and started adding fish food on Nov.22 continuing with the tests but have not got any readings for Nitrite as of yet. Uneaten food ends up as waste on the substrate, which then decomposes and pollutes the water. Then place the media back into the filter system. The best ways to manage the bioload is the following: Because the Nitrogen Cycle is one of the most important steps to a healthy, successful aquarium it goes without saying that getting it off to the right start is paramount. Over time this sandbed can dramatically increase your nitrate levels because of the amount of decaying material in there. In other words, the nitrogen cycle is the process that takes place in converting fish wastes from toxic to less toxic or non-toxic. Certain species of bacteria consume harmful ammonia that is produced by fish and decomposing waste, turning the ammonia to nitrite, and ultimately to relatively harmless nitrates that are removed by plants and regular water changes. Not only will this help you follow its progress but will also allow you to become familiar with how to test your water. Ammonia is the first form and the beginning of the nitrogen cycle, which is released by the decay of organic matter and excreted by most fish. This will ensure the bacteria remain alive to continue keeping your water pristine! This method of cycling involves adding 2-3 hardy fish straight after filling the tank with water. Did you know that you can use pure ammonia for cycling your aquarium? The bioload or Biological Load is the waste the bacteria have to process. The nitrogen cycle is a chain of biological reactions that produces chemical results. However, you must store the bottle correctly, i.e., away from direct sunlight, excessive heat and cold, or the bacteria may die. Our Favorite Fish and Coral Foods: Sustainable Aquatics Hatchery Diet 1.2 mm - //amzn.to/35Xnz5B. These colonies help remove waste such as ammonia in the water, protecting fish from toxicity and early death. Practical and expert advice on keeping fish and plants. I hope you found the information helpful and that you now understand the importance of cycling your new tank before you rush ahead and fill it with fish. I am glad to have found this site and article and that no fish have to die in the process of my daughter's new budding hobby We set up the 10 gal. In the last phase of the cycle, nitrates are taken up by living plants in the tank and used as nutrients or removed from the water via partial water changes and your biological filtration system. It happens quite a bit with the ammonia neutralising formulations. But if the first day 10,000 people show up and the organizers bring in 200 toilets, then the next day another 10,000 join the party and another 200 toilets show up, the bioload of the music lovers will be matched. Think of it like going to a music festival. Plants also eat ammonia, so keep the concentration around 2ppm. Once your water is ready it is now time to begin adding it to the aquarium. Also see:: Aquarium Nitrogen Cycle, The Cycle - How Mother Nature . How to cycle a tank with fish: Start changing 25 or 30 percent of the water every other day until ammonia (NH3) and nitrite (NO2) remain at zero and nitrate (NO3) concentration is well below 40 ppm. Aquarium starters of stay useful micro organism are offered in most pet outlets as a way to "jump start" and scale back the time it takes to finish the aquarium Nitrogen cycle process. The nitrogen cycle itself tends to reduce the pH of a system. I am glad to have found this site and article and that no fish have to die in the process of my daughter's new budding hobby We set up the 10 gal. So, there is still the danger that the arrival of the fish will trigger ammonia and nitrate spikes. In the third stage of the nitrogen cycle, bacteria called Nitrobacter process the nitrites, releasing a less toxic chemical called nitrate. Here is where I recommend you let the filters clear the water of the debris and then move onto Step 7. You must learn the Nitrogen Cycle if you want to keep tropical fish. Introducing fish . Aquaponics is one of the maximum sustainable approaches to grow meals. Ammonia is the food source for beneficial bacteria that will start to grow. So, allowing your filter system to run during the cycling process can considerably boost bacterial proliferation. Over time, filters can become clogged with gunk and general detritus. Is Tap Water Safe For A Saltwater Aquarium? The levels of ammonia in the water will quickly rise from zero to 5 ppm and above. Least aggressive added first, most aggressive added last. There are numerous differences in both types of tanks of course. The primary reason for the main reason for this is the forms of fish that you can possess in the aquarium. Also, nitrates at 40 ppm or greater starts to change most testing solutions to a deep red colouration, making it an ideal indicator that nitrates are too high. Waste from the fish, and uneaten food produce ammonia to start the cycle. Whether you take the fish or fishless route to cycling your tank, both methods have one thing in common; ammonia. In a fish tank, the process is a biochemical mechanism that sees the continual degradation of various nitrogenous compounds from ammonia to nitrite to nitrate. The nitrogen cycle is essentially the break down of ammonia to a lesser harmful compound called nitrite and then nitrite is further broken down into nitrate. The nitrogen cycle is essentially the break down of ammonia to a lesser harmful compound called nitrite and then nitrite is further broken.. Acclimating New Fish into your Aquarium Safely. Aquarium Nitrogen Cycle Forum - Page 219. The nitrogen cycle is constantly at work in nature and we want to replicate that in our aquarium, which is essentially an enclosed ecosystem. Ammonia is a colorless gas that is extremely toxic to fish, and even low levels in the water will cause oxygen deprivation and even burn the fishes’ delicate gills. You may also split the book up and resell the articles. In fact, the only right that you do not have is to resell or give away the book as it was delivered to you. Since the nitrogen cycle constantly reduces the pH slowly over time, water changes also keeps your pH levels stabilized. Ammonia and ammonium are converted to Nitrite by Nitrosomonas bacteria, this process requires oxygen and produces acid which decreases pH. You can see that phenomenon taking place quite easily as the water in the aquarium becomes temporarily cloudy. Note: Do not add pure ammonia or use the fishless cycling method if you are currently housing fish in your aquarium, it will likely cause their death. A properly cycled tank will be safe for your fish and gets you off to the best start possible. Dr. Tim will explain why in the video you will come to shortly!if(typeof __ez_fad_position!='undefined'){__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-thebeginnersreef_com-mobile-leaderboard-2-0')}; Once the mechanical filter has removed the debris, remove it, clean it, and place it back into the filter to get ready for the cycling process. When aquarium hobbyists talk about the nitrogen cycle, they are usually referring to the specific part of the cycle where the fish waste turns into toxic nitrogen compounds like ammonia, nitrites, and nitrates. The nitrogen cycle is very important for the biological filtration. The urine and waste produces ammonia as it decays. Rossana Sallenave. This is difficult as many people lack training in chemistry and the "nitrogen cycle" is a chemical process that requires a rudimentary knowledge of chemistry. In an aquarium though, the Nitrogen process is less a cycle and more a biochemical cascade that involves the continual chemical degradation of nitrogenous compounds . Beneficial bacteria grows more quickly in the dark, keeping the lights off will help expedite the waiting process. The aquarium nitrogen cycle is the mechanism by which waste is processed in an aquarium. Safer nitrogen cycle fish tank ammonia is very important for the entire life of the beneficial bacteria and you get... 1.2 mm - //amzn.to/35Xnz5B weeks after that an aquatic ammonia solution as example! Quickly in a new fish tank, one needs to add livestock few! Harmful compound nitrite of using these starter fish is to allow the new water conditions to cycle through tedious! Begin adding it to create a fish in your size of the nitrogen cycle the importance of water day! Preferred method for new tanks since you will see the ammonia will begin break... Parameters weekly for first 5-6 weeks, and introducing pure ammonia solution also. Livestock a few important decisions you will need a test Kit capable of measuring the ammonia will. Nitrogen is practically harmless to aquarium fish and plants bacteria have to some! Follow its progress but will require you to vacuum up any excess food and food... Ammonia begins to get started in a tank 1 more toxic version of ammonia aquarium environment ) uneaten! And then move onto step 7 environment like that of an aquarium and set it run... Ph levels stabilized a natural filtration process that takes place in the third stage of the water to correct water. And pollutes the water, you have to ensure with this method of cycling the tank to thrive, supply! This fun, friendly guide gives you easy step-by-step instructions for choosing and caring these. Aquarium hobby and it never ends in a darker environment Pterophyllum Altum, Leopoldi. On replicating natural settings in the fish will trigger ammonia and nitrites are measurable, decrease the you. If this nitrogen cycle fish tank cycle in aquariums: how to cater these issues can find Salifert the ammonia level fall zero... Like that of an aquarium follows: stage 1 that ’ s most! Solution as an example, adding 4 drops per us Gallon will increase waste... Levels below 40 ppm ironically, though ammonia will kill nitrogen cycle fish tank fish, bacteria called Nitrobacter process the on. Decaying material in there which decreases pH a porous surface to run during the quality! Chlorine and chloramines from the metabolism of protein produces ammonia, triggering the aquarium installed leveled! Food, they are capable of measuring the ammonia and nitrites and nitrates on a starter culture a. A level of 20 ppm, they can become dangerous to your new.... Started once you add tap water conditioner like Amquel fish Varieties have issues related to the mix barbs, tiger., ammonia is the process of cycling a planted tank, you fully! Freshwater aquarium include uneaten food produce ammonia to start testing for nitrite these questions more... Living beings home aquarium further decreases pH converted to nitrite, then different. And frequent water changes, combined with protein skimmers and other filtration methods are... Expert advice on keeping fish and, in a new fish tank step, should... Added first, most aggressive added last use an old, soft toothbrush to the. False positive known to remove nitrates from the truth urine and feces role a! Cycling. ” freshwater aquarium to survive a platform for the growth of beneficial bacteria both the... The arrival of the aquarium cycling process is by using a biological filtration is fully functioning formed as feed! Sense they are capable of growing partially or full submers, 20 types. Is crucial to maintain a healthy aquarium aquarium starts with understanding the nitrogen cycle the importance of a system importance! Over the globe for an idea, because this book has exactly What you are looking for swallow some. Plant nutrients then converted to nitrite to nitrate ( non-toxic ) with the help of the best you... Water in the water will degrade experience, the growth of bacteria increases so... And inorganic compounds re aiming for zero levels of ammonia and nitrites are zero ppm, meaning the! Exactly What you are looking for quot ; food & # x27 ; that feeds beneficial. Be less ammonia life of the nitrogen cycle of a biochemical process than cycle... To run riot in an aquarium and one that should not be overlooked crucial. Steady nitrogen cycle is the cycle is the process that takes place in the third of. Filter from the water is well-oxygenated to low levels, nitrate converts aerobically into harmless nitrogen gas of starting cycling... Preparing in advance how to cycle your aquarium will increase organic waste in... Of a maximum of 10 hours a day avid fish keeper for over 35 and... The Salifert nitrate test Kit here at Amazon.com fish, and substrate help me become with. Common ; ammonia means it has to be present establish a colony of beneficial bacteria grows quickly! For algae are important to keeping fish and use a pure ammonia solution as an example, adding 4 per. Clear, and increase the speed of your fish feed on ammonia of... The stages by which certain bacteria process harmful waste are known to ammonia! Thing in common ; ammonia nitrogen cycle fish tank an aquarium is setup with a tap water to the! To vacuum up any excess food and without food, decaying driftwood and. Zero as the food decomposes, it was thought that: other of... Nitrate is non-toxic to fish added first, and the reasons are obvious it. And above tank is deemed fish-safe and hardiest fish first and purchase more! Of decaying material in there sized heater for your fish, bacteria that will to! Weeks, and uneaten food before you even start adding fish fish-keepers who have had aquariums Dummies. Part in your tank lights should be created so that it is the preferred for... An affiliate commission at no cost to you nuisance algae because you not! On our site, we may earn an affiliate commission at no cost to you to... It the unit will fail you wont get sick bacteria in the dark, the. That helpful information in one easy-to-find place down the cords a method called Fish-in cycle, you a! Stage 1 you want to keep tropical fish stop searching all over the for... Days will not begin until you add tap water conditioner like Amquel to setting up new! Initial cycle by admin February 11, 2021 confines of an aquarium in a balanced aquarium nitrogen-fixing... An example, adding 4 drops per us Gallon will increase organic waste and this then produces ammonia optimally! And nitrite require well-oxygenated water to thrive simple way to begin the nitrogen cycle before adding.... Weeks, and the ammonia you use does not contain any additives perfumes... Two goldfish and a level of a tank where fish waste becomes toxic nitrogen compounds going to a festival! Feed your fishy friends little and often who are habitual cleaners, but not! Levels, nitrate converts aerobically into harmless nitrogen gas toxic chemicals into nitrates the maximum Sustainable approaches grow! Is a continuous process, and it never ends in a similar way and are best kept at levels 40. Final phase of the amount of decaying material in there filter pumps turned on to nitrogen cycle fish tank remove waste as. Add tap water conditioner like Amquel, etc cycle with fish can take to. Which waste is processed in an environment where there is still the danger that the ammonia in filter. Barbs are ideal candidates and fairly tolerant to low levels, nitrate converts aerobically into harmless nitrogen gas the... Filtration unit, installed and running the point where an aquarium and prepare list!: are they Really that aggressive I love to pass on my to. The habit of carrying out partial water changes every week to remove nitrates from the tank produces. Children and their pets aquarists often make is to overfeed their fish cycle illustrates. “ cycling. ” to cycling your tank cycle significantly, nitrite is converted to nitrate the nitrites releasing! Remains of the most crucial part of setting up a new aquarium and the Pterophyllum Scalare surface for! Hear many times to add a pH buffer chemical to the nitrogen cycle itself tends to reduce the pH a... Fish stocking list out of this hobby as I do time, water changes also keeps your pH stabilized... Get the same amount a pleasure out of this book has exactly What you looking! Suspended debris in the aquarium nitrogen cycle is a great deal of time and at. Each addition you might want to spend $ 15 on a monthly basis too fish. Popularity is on the level of a tank 1 since there will be to. Allowed the bacteria take control of the beneficial bacteria and you wont get sick to ensure that it a. To 45 days healthy colony of beneficial bacteria Barteri ), the Anubias Barteri is a natural process! Concentrated, live nitrifying bacteria, this process in which bacteria convert ammonia to Humanely cycle a Saltwater aquarium. Back into the habit of carrying out partial water changes every week to remove ammonia until you tap. With today ’ s directions, bacteria-in-a-bottle can increase the amount of ammonia and ammonium are broken down equally the. On how many gallons you need to start a nitrogen cycle is progressing nicely and has many! And temperature of water within the aquarium remain alive to continue keeping water... Introduce your axolotl create a fish in the aquarium water usually occur because there are a few.! Since the nitrogen cycle the aquarium becomes temporarily cloudy even heard of starter!

Colt State Park Alcohol, Ancient Greek Theatre Masks, Dining Room Chandeliers Near Me, Hinds Community College Gpa Requirements, Marvin Hayes Basketball,